States of consciousness psychology pdf

States of consciousness psychology pdf. The part of the iceberg that is submerged below the water, but is still visible, is the preconscious. Jun 21, 2011 · In States of Consciousness, Andrzej Kokoszka expands on the pioneering work of J. Oct 9, 2018 · The discussion that follows will highlight specific areas of cortex including the prefrontal cortex that will figure in discussions of confidence (section 2. Define an alternate state of consciousness. One article from each issue of Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice will be highlighted as an “Editor’s Choice” article. Ordinar Consciousnesy ass a State of Illusio 25n 8 20. The model of human consciousness we use here is a virtual reality (VR) metaphor (Baars, 1998). Her previously published work includes articles on altered states, healing and religion in Transpersonal Psychological Review. 7: Introduction to Sleep and Dreams; 7. 1 Identify states of consciousness 1. Oct 12, 2021 · This Review discusses four prominent theoretical approaches to consciousness, namely higher-order theories, global workspace theories, re-entry and predictive processing theories and integrated information theory and describes the key characteristics of each approach. 2. 1: Why It Matters- States of Consciousness; 7. The way that your thoughts drift from one topic to another can feel effortless even when the thoughts you're having are dramatically different. The top of the iceberg that you can see above the water represents the conscious mind. I am nonlocal awareness. , relaxation, sleep, meditation, and hypnosis. Jackson, offering contemporary models for studying consciousness as it applies to both pathology and normal subsystems of consciousness that occur innighttime dreaming. Tart Given Western culture’s wholesale rejection of altered states for so long, contemporary researchers of altered states of consciousness may feel as if they are pioneers in an uncharted territory. The Development of Consciousness 405 Philip David Zelazo, Helena Hong Gao, and Rebecca Todd f. Baumeister, R. developmental psychology 15. You can access this textbook for free in web view or PDF through openstax. In order to dream, we must go to and remain asleep, i. Full text Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (702K), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Tart (1975) defined a discrete state of consciousness as, “a unique, dynamic pattern or configuration of psychological structures” (p. 6: When Biological Clocks Get Disrupted; 7. Our experiences change dramatically while we are in deep sleep and once again when we are dreaming. Baars ( 1997 ) and Dennett ( 1991 ) devoted a lot of intriguing pages to the issue of how this unity can be created by the distributed brain. Presents a new systems approach to the study of "consciousness," based on a review of research of dreams, hypnosis, meditation, drug states, emotional states, and other altered states of consciousness. ”InThe Psychology of Religious Experience,edited Mar 8, 2023 · What Are States of Consciousness? Human consciousness is often compared to a stream—it is constantly changing, but always flowing smoothly. Psychology 2e is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The abnormal state of consciousness is more difficult to define and characterize, as evidenced by the many terms applied to altered states of consciousness by various observers. We argue that these traditional definitions fail to draw a clear line between altered and normal states of consciousness (NSC). 3), the global neuronal workspace (section 3. This final section will consider hypnotic and meditative states as additional examples of altered states of consciousness experienced by some individuals. This chapter will discuss states of consciousness with a particular emphasis on sleep. May 3, 2022 · Download PDF. About Psychology 2e. Altered States of Consciousness: Exploring altered states of consciousness sheds light on how perception can be altered under certain conditions, such as meditation or drug-induced experiences. We also alter our consciousness through the use of various psychoactive drugs. May 19, 2023 · The two normal states of awareness are consciousness and unconsciousness. These mental states can be subjectively recognized by the individual as representing Jun 18, 2004 · The early twentieth century saw the eclipse of consciousness from scientific psychology, especially in the United States with the rise of behaviorism (Watson 1924, Skinner 1953) though movements such as Gestalt psychology kept it a matter of ongoing scientific concern in Europe (Köhler 1929, Köffka 1935). I am not limited to local events. Alpha - Very relaxed or meditating 2. 2: Learning Hacks- Mindset; 7. Between-state effects were further analyzed with Bonferroni post hoc procedures or t-tests. In States of Consciousness, Andrzej Kokoszka expands on the pioneering work of J. Sep 1, 2009 · STATE (WEC, lucid, and REM) was the independent variable. Following along these lines, researchers such as Charles Tart and Stanislav Grof worked to create a place for the study of altered states and even advocate for the initiation of state-specific Much to be learned in relation to issues in contemporary philosophy of mind, moral and social theory. Aug 26, 2022 · 4. 1. The DED This final section will consider hypnotic and meditative states as additional examples of altered states of consciousness experienced by some individuals. In this module, we will describe several levels of consciousness and then discuss altered states of consciousness such as hypnosis and sleep. , 2013). 2, pp. States of Consciousness: Normal and Abnormal Variation 435 J. , implicit) 1 U1 AOS1: WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? →CHAPTER. 12. 1) and higher order theories (section 3. Transpersonal psychology is concerned primarily with those aspects of human experience and behavior 18. Table 1: States of Consciousness Other States of Consciousness Hypnosis. “states of consciousness,” distinguished Jan 1, 2005 · The article reviews the current knowledge regarding altered states of consciousness (ASC) (a) occurring spontaneously, (b) evoked by physical and physiological stimulation, (c) induced by Nevertheless, it was not until the 1960s that modern psychology began to consider the issue of consciousness and states of consciousness in earnest. Behav. However the methods, functions, and cultural context vary widely between societies. Oct 5, 2016 · A classification of states of consciousness with clinical examples of such states is presented to aid in a more clear understanding of human behavior. We outline a new definition of ASC and argue that Consciousness can also refer to the state of an individual, as in a sharp or dull state of consciousness, a drug-induced state such as euphoria, or a diminished state due to drowsiness, sleep, neurological abnormality, or coma. 0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jorden A. 8: Sleep and Why We Sleep; 7. 1 What Is Consciousness?. High scores on the OBN scale therefore indicate a state similar to mystical experiences as described in the scientific literature on the psychology of religion (eg, see ). surroundings at any one moment in time. Other topics include 5 basic principles underlying physics and psychology, drugs and altered states, and the idea of illusion. Discover the world's research 25+ million members Apr 27, 2018 · This edition of Consciousness, revised by author team Susan Blackmore and Emily Troscianko, explores the key theories and evidence in consciousness studies ranging from neuroscience and psychology Aug 3, 2023 · A typical sleep cycle lasts about 90 to 110 minutes, consisting of different stages: non-REM sleep stages 1, 2, 3, and the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage. . Allan These altered states of consciousness are sometimes the result of simple and safe activities, such as sleeping, watching television, exercising, or working on a task that intrigues us. Tart, is a basic understanding of how the mind is a dynamic, culturally biased, semi-arbitrary construction and system. the psychology of consciousness by giving sustained attention to the stream of consciousness and its component pulses of experience. We summarize what we know of this variation from cross-cultural research. It is qualitative distinction of how your mind is currently working. , Vol. Good theories guide Jun 27, 2021 · 4. Sep 28, 2021 · This page titled 7: States of Consciousness is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4. , 2010), is a 42-item scale, developed from the 94-item 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC) (Dittrich, 1998) to measure the intensity of ASCs. Higher states of consciousness are often associated with spiritual or mystical experiences. In The handbook of social psychology (4th ed. e. Two sleeping children are depicted in this 1895 oil painting titled Zwei schlafende Mädchen auf der Ofenbank, which translates as “two sleeping girls on the stove,” by Swiss painter Albert Anker. Delta - Deeply asleep Sleep Sleep is just one of many types of consciousness we experience, and sleep itself comprises several states of consciousness. There are also many common experiences that create altered states of consciousness (ASC), such as sleeping or daydreaming, sleep deprivation, euphoria Apr 22, 2018 · The Virtual Space. Classic examples of discrete states of consciousness include waking, dreaming, deep sleep, intoxication, hypnosis, and successfully induced meditative states, to name just a few. Most adults experience 4 to 6 of these cycles per night. 4: Consciousness and Biological Rhythms; 7. May 1, 1980 · A classification of states of consciousness with clinical examples of such states is presented to aid in a more clear understanding of human behavior. These approaches are shedding light on some of the hitherto unknown aspects of the distinct states of human consciousness, including the waking state, different states of sleep and dreaming, meditation and more. Some people also experience altered states of consciousness through meditation, hypnosis, or alcohol and other drugs. One major variation is whether societies believe in possession by spirits or in one’s soul fleeing or going on a journey. Dillbeck and Charles N. , Megill, 2013), so consciousness cannot be epiphenomenal (Blackmore, 2004; Bailey, 2006; Robinson, 2015). Addiction and attachment, of consciousness Aug 1, 2013 · The neurophysiological approach revealed that the different states of consciousness are mainly brought about by a compromised brain structure, transient changes in brain dynamics (disconnectivity), and neurochemical and metabolic processes. Sep 4, 2023 · Consciousness is an enigma. The special characteristics of unconscious states including their relations to states described by modern psychology and the relevance of the Freudian unconsciousness to questions concerning the divided or multiple self is equally important. 2 This chart illustrates the circadian change in body temperature over 28 hours in a group of eight young men. Book Google Scholar Download references Jul 24, 2019 · “There has been a general assimilation of consciousness within the standard practice of neuroscience and psychology and medicine,” he says. Therefore, by definition, ASCs are mental states induced in various ways: physiological, psychological or pharmacological. Examples may include sleep, wakefulness, drug-induced states, meditation and hypnosis. Inner sound: altered states of consciousness in electronic music and audio-visual media. Jun 22, 2011 · While definitions of “consciousness” usually distinguish it from its content, definitions of “states of consciousness” typically confuse consciousness and its contents by explicitly Oct 14, 2021 · The modernist and/or postmodernist approach to the mind, psychology, and the representation of consciousness: For the moderns "that", the point of interest, lies very likely in the dark places of Apr 17, 2024 · Eileen Sheppard is Associate Lecturer at the Open University, UK. State-Specifi Sciencecs 206 17. The purposes of this chapter are (a) to situate current thinking on consciousness in the field of transpersonal psychology, (b) to formulate a distinction between states, levels, and stages of consciousness, and (c) to propose a heuristic model for the study of Aug 19, 2021 · The 11-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (11D-ASC; Studerus et al. ASC are mental states distinct Feb 7, 2024 · Unity: the 7th state of consciousness. Levels of Awareness In 1957, a marketing researcher inserted the words “Eat Popcorn” onto one frame of a film being shown all across the United States. Consciousness has been central to many theories of psychology. 20. Jun 16, 2022 · Weinel J. Nov 20, 2018 · This is not trivial; it means the thing we call consciousness can influence the underlying system (by causing it to speak), and in philosophy of mind, epiphenomena do not have causal feedback (e. ” There is a lot of ambiguity in the field of consciousness studies about the use of the terms consciousness, awareness, presence, and experiential space. 4: States of Consciousness (Summary) the activity in our brain, and our consciousness may change. An epiphenomenon of the physical brain’s complexity beneath, consciousness appears to rise from the activity of billions of neurons, like bubbles bursting at the top of a glass of champagne. As Above, S o Below: Five Basi Principlec Underlyins Physicg s and Psycholog 24y 3 19. Give four examples of alternate states of consciousness. William Lycan, for example, argued in his book Consciousness and Experience that at least eight clearly distinct types of consciousness can be identified (organism consciousness; control consciousness; consciousness of; state/event consciousness; reportability; introspective consciousness; subjective consciousness; self-consciousness)—and . Narrative Modes of Consciousness and Selfhood 375 Keith Oatley e. When we are anesthetized before an operation or experience a concussion after a knock on the head, we may lose consciousness entirely as a result of changes in brain activity. Statistical analysis was based on equal sample sizes in each state (subject 1: 374 s = 186 epochs, subject 2: 94 s = 46 epochs, subject 3: 70 s = 34 epochs). , we must induce an altered state of consciousness. Oct 7, 2020 · The intrinsic existence axiom states that consciousness exists independently from external observers, the composition axiom states that consciousness is structured, the information axiom states that each conscious experience is the particular way it is and thereby it differs from other possible conscious experiences, the integration axiom Language and Consciousness 355 Wallace Chafe 14. It creates our reality (what we believe to be real) and our sense of self. The self. Natsoulas s unrivaled scholarship across psychology, philosophy, and This chapter will discuss states of consciousness with a particular emphasis on sleep. 19. 680–740). If you’ve ever watched a stage hypnotist perform, it may paint a misleading portrait of this state of consciousness. Higher States of Consciousness: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Vedic Psychology of Human Development Michael C. Identify the common features of most alternate states of consciousness. And consciousness is fundamental to our sense of morality—we believe that we have the free will to perform moral actions while avoiding immoral behaviors. Nov 26, 2021 · The subject of consciousness has not, until now, been well documented and discussed in academic literature, and there is a real need to give this topic its due in the larger discussions of While we all experience altered states of consciousness in the form of sleep on a regular basis, some people use drugs and other substances that result in altered states of consciousness as well. 3); the dorsal visual stream that projects into parietal cortex and the ventral visual stream that projects into temporal cortex including visual areas Jan 10, 2017 · Nearly all societies are known to engage in practices that lead to altered states of consciousness. 21. The different stages of sleep will be identified, and sleep disorders will be described. Hypnosis In the therapeutic setting, a clinician may use relaxation and suggestion in an attempt to alter the thoughts and perceptions of a patient. Highe Stater osf Consciousnes 22s 9 Section II: Speculation 18. Altered states of consciousness: experiences out of time and self. 9: Stages Jan 25, 2024 · Transpersonal psychology investigates non-ordinary states of consciousness, such as those experienced during meditation, after ingesting psychedelics, or during peak performance such as optimal flow, as well as spiritual or religious experiences and mystical states (Hartelius, et al. References. The Depth Dimensio onf a State of Consciousnes 18s 2 15. In this chapter, we focus not on states of consciousness or on self-consciousness, but rather on the process The chapter adopts Tulving's tripartite distinction among three states of consciousness to provide coherence to the review of the literature. 6: Other States of Consciousness Our states of consciousness change as we move from wakefulness to sleep. org, and for a low cost in print. The main block of human consciousness is anticipatory behavior in a secure “virtual” space of symbolic relationships, in which this behavior does not have any overt consequences. Important factors in these changes are the biological rhythms, and, more specifically, the circadian rhythms generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). usask. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2018. This section will present information relating to the use of various psychoactive drugs and problems associated with such use. This Element examines the main ethical aspects of consciousness It argues that consciousness is not intrinsically valuable but has value or disvalue for individuals depending on its phenomenology (what it is like to be aware) and content (what one is aware of). Towards this end, Maharishi created a worldwide organisation, founded universities in several countries, and trained over 20,000 teachers of the Transcendental Meditation technique who in turn have taught it to approximately ten million people, which for five BENEATH man's thin veneer of consciousness lies a relatively uncharted realm of mental activity, the nature and function of which have been neither systematically explored nor adequately conceptualized. “It has become more normalized, which is a good JWST336-Friedman Printer: April 22, 2013 11:16 Trim: 244mm × 170mm 6 PR OO FS Altered States of Consciousness and Transpersonal Psychology Albert P. The irregular lines indicate that a process functions signifi­ cantly differently than in ordinary waking consciousness. 5: Psych in Real Life- Consciousness and Blindsight; 7. A variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods were reported to induce consciousness alterations in humans, ranging from the consumption of An altered state of consciousness is a change in one's normal mental state as a result of trauma or accident or induced through meditation, drugs, some foods, etc. In this section we consider the changes in consciousness that occur through hypnosis, sensory deprivation, and meditation. Tell how alternate states of consciousness are typically produced. Body temperature rises throughout the waking day, peaking in the afternoon, and falls during sleep with the lowest point occurring during the very early morning hours. Feb 11, 2021 · States of Consciousness, a classic by world authority Charles T. This chapter examines the psychological construct of consciousness, See full list on openpress. alternative states of consciousness 16. 6: Other States of Consciousness. 4. Jul 27, 2015 · The term 'consciousness' is used in several ways: to describe a person or other creature as being awake and sentient, to describe a person or other creature as being 'aware of' something, and to We also lose consciousness when we sleep, and it is with this altered state of consciousness that we begin our chapter. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies 7. Theta - Lightly asleep 4. Defining Altered State of Consciousness Understanding altered state of consciousness should be have notion about study of consciousness. Recent years have seen a blossoming of theories about the biological and physical basis of consciousness. Freud’s personality theories differentiated between the unconscious and the conscious aspects of behavior, and present-day psychologists distinguish between automatic (unconscious) and controlled (conscious) behaviors and between implicit (unconscious) and explicit (conscious Apr 23, 2018 · It cannot be denied that we normally experience one particular state of consciousness each moment, in accord with the old philosophical idea of the “unity of consciousness” (James, 1890). States of consciousness are variations in what metal processes occur, independent of how much awareness you have of them. The main goal of transpersonal psychology is to integrate the spiritual experience within a broader understanding of the human psyche and consciousness. Feb 16, 2019 · In this module, we will describe several levels of consciousness and then discuss altered states of consciousness such as hypnosis and sleep. As late as 1989, Stuart Sutherland (1989) wrote in the International Dictionary of Psychology: ‘Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive phenomenon Chapter 4: States of Consciousness Overview Sleep, which we all experience, is a quiet and mysterious pause in our daily lives. In active states, you intentionally mystical states which involve a moment of attention and a widen­ ing of perceptual focus-in other words, the classic expanded state of consciousness. Transpersonal Psychology: Altered States of Consciousness, Biofeedback and Neurotechnology introduces the use of biofeedback and neurotechnology for the transpersonal therapist to induce and It has been played for people to induce altered states of consciousness (ASC), which change the focus of attention, mood, and thoughts about the world and the self. May 1, 2009 · An altered state of consciousness is defined as a state in which the neurocognitive background mechanisms of consciousness have an increased tendency to produce misrepresentations such as Modi®ed states of consciousness by self-training Modern western culture often favours the awake consciousness at the expense of dreaming and completely neglects or classi®es as pathologic, states that are considered to be normal and privileged in other cultures, such as `transcendental meditation' or `shamanic trances' [38]. Despite numerous clinical and research reports on daydreaming, sleep and dream states, hypnosis, Nov 23, 2022 · In recent years there has been a growing interest in the scientific study of consciousness, including the investigation of altered states of consciousness (ASC). Cambridge: MIT Press; 2018. You’ll learn about the different stages of sleep, sleep disorders as well as the altered states of consciousness produced by psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, and meditation. 5). The measure is composed of 11 subscales: experience of unity (5 items); spiritual A. "Transcendent" means "above and beyond," and "ecstasy" is from the term "exstasis"-out of the static condition, out of the usual state of consciousness. This module will discuss states of consciousness with a particular emphasis on sleep. Garcia-Romeu and Charles T. Finally, unity consciousness, 7th state of consciousness—the complete identification with the unified field of all laws of nature—is the highest state of human development possible. Consciousness, accessibility, and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience. 23. Alexander Maharishi International University This paper describes a systematic framework, derived from the Vedic tradition of India by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, for the development of higher states of consciousness. 22. The person is not unconscious. Our states of consciousness change as we move from wakefulness to sleep. Jackson, offering contemporary models for studying consciousness as it applies to both pathology and normal altered states, e. Figure 4. Distinguish between alternate states of consciousness and transpersonal experiences. The chapter will close with discussions of altered states of consciousness produced by psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, and meditation. He makes clear distinctions between the neuroscientific and psychiatric components of with a corresponding mental state: Type of Brain Wave - Corresponding Mental State 1. For a defense of epiphenomenalism to work Cambridge Core - Developmental Psychology - The Ethics of Consciousness. Consciousness relates to our awareness of our thoughts, feelings, perceptions and . (1998). Beta - Awake and alert 3. Apr 1, 2009 · “Altered State of Consciousness” (ASC) has been defined as a changed overall pattern of conscious experience, or as the subjective feeling and explicit recognition that one's own subjective experience has changed. These altered states provide unique insights into the nature of consciousness itself and offer opportunities for self-exploration and personal growth. Book Google Scholar Wittmann M. Music and altered states are connected in various ways concerning context, personal set, socio-ecological setting, and cultural beliefs. States of Consciousness 1. g. Among such terms are: clouding of consciousness, confusional state, delirium, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, dementia, hypersomnia, vegetative state, akinetic mutism The experimental induction of altered states of consciousness (ASC) constitutes a research opportunity to relate changes in phenomenological states to underlying biophysical mechanisms. 2 Distinguish between processing that is conscious (i. 5. In this state of consciousness, there is no separation between oneself and creation. Nov 4, 2013 · PDF | Consciousness is a fundamentally important neurological capacity which is also of great relevance to ethical thinking and decision-making. Tulving distinguished among autonoetic (remembering), noetic (knowing), and anoetic forms of consciousness, which refer, respectively, to self-knowing, knowing, and non-knowing states of consciousness. Sheppard’s research draws on the fields of social anthropology and psychology, and centres on altered states of consciousness and healing. Selection is based on the recommendations of the associate editors, the paper’s potential impact to the field, the distinction of expanding the contributors to, or the focus of, the science, or its discussion of an important future direction Altered States of Consciousness Carol R. We also lose consciousness when we sleep, and it is with this altered state of consciousness that we begin Jun 27, 2021 · 4. H. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Dr. 3: Introduction to Consciousness and Rhythms; 7. Nov 22, 2018 · But consciousness as an explanatory target was still largely off-limits: ‘We should ban the word “consciousness” for a decade or two’ as cognitive scientist George Miller put it in 1962. The article reviews the current knowledge regarding altered states of consciousness (ASC) (a) occurring spontaneously, (b) evoked by physical and Sep 5, 2022 · Introduction “All experience is local. World peace is the urgent goal of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi’s revival of the consciousness-based technologies of ancient Vedic India. It is an awareness of local consciousness. As discussed in the chapter on the biology of psychology, the brain activity during different phases of consciousness produces characteristic brain waves, which can be observed by electroencephalography (EEG) and other types of analysis. ca Consciousness allows us to plan activities and to monitor our progress toward the goals we set for ourselves. In this accessible overview of current knowledge, an expert team of editors and authors describe experimental approaches to consciousness. Jul 15, 2024 · Freud likened the three levels of mind to an iceberg. , explicit) and other processing that happens without conscious awareness (i. The Psychology of Altered States of Consciousness David Blakstad, University of Gothenburg Introduction Altered states of consciousness as a field of research have not received much attention since the 80s, even though some works have come out. Review Article; Published: States of consciousness can be grouped into two classes: N. STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. State-Specifi Communicatioc n 201 16. A systematic exploration of how and why altered states can come about and their possibilities. While vital to the human experience, it remains obscure and hidden – the ghost in the machine (Hofstadter & Dennett, 1982). States of consciousness vary over the course of the day and throughout our lives. A Jan 1, 2007 · Request PDF | States of Consciousness: Models for Psychology and Psychotherapy | Consciousness has always been a particularly elusive concept and one vigorously argued in the scientific community. Usually this While we all experience altered states of consciousness in the form of sleep on a regular basis, some people use drugs and other substances that result in altered states of consciousness as well. Based on two point of study consciousness, below will be describe some definition of altered state of consciousness, so we can make distinction altered state of consciousness and make Mar 9, 2020 · As we are only beginning to understand the diversity of consciousness in sleep, an important aim is programmatic: We need a philosophy of sleep and of consciousness in sleep, not just a philosophy of dreaming, and a future theory of sleep needs to integrate phenomenological considerations with neuroscientific and behavioral evidence. It involves an elevated state of awareness where people are able to gain a greater sense of themselves, their role, and the world. Aug 31, 2010 · The OBN scale basically includes items measuring positively experienced depersonalization and derealization, deeply-felt positive mood, and experiences of unity. Ember Christina Carolus January 10, 2017 FoundationforReligion. Nov 30, 2004 · It is widely accepted that consciousness or, more generally, mental activity is in some way correlated to the behavior of the material brain. Cummings via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform. The purposes of this chapter are (a) to situate current thinking on consciousness in the field of transpersonal psychology, (b) to formulate a distinction between states, levels, and stages of consciousness, and (c) to propose a heuristic model for the study of altered states of consciousness. The hypnotized people on stage, for example, appear to be in a state similar to sleep. to a basic state of consciousness - the common waking state - in which the indi-vidual experiences the day-to-day life. 14. Since quantum theory is the most fundamental theory of matter that is currently available, it is a legitimate question to ask whether quantum theory can help us to understand consciousness. ljjvx ent vsvgnos cwmidt pdwdi fsay uysah xgfgp zrbpx jbon